UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Welcome to the 120mAGL.com FAQ section on the UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code. This resource is designed to help drone pilots—whether new, experienced, or professional—understand and comply with UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) regulations. Below, you'll find answers to commonly asked questions about flying drones legally and safely in the UK.

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General Questions for All Pilots

1. Do I need permission to fly a drone in the UK?

Yes, you must follow the rules outlined in the UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code, including registration, competency requirements, and operational restrictions. Most drone pilots need to register as an operator and pass a competency test if their drone weighs over 250g or has a camera. Regulatory Reference: CAP 722, UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Reminder: Always check for any local restrictions, such as flying in controlled airspace or near airports.

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2. What is the maximum altitude I can fly my drone?

The maximum legal altitude for flying drones in the UK is 120 meters (400 feet) above ground level. Regulatory Reference: UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947, Article 4 Safety Note: Always ensure your drone remains within visual line of sight (VLOS).

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3. Do I need to register my drone?

Yes, if your drone weighs 250g or more, or if it is equipped with a camera, you must register with the CAA as an operator and obtain an Operator ID. Registration is done through the CAA Drone Registration Scheme. Regulatory Reference: UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947, Articles 14 and 15 Practical Example: A DJI Mini 2 requires registration due to its camera, even though it weighs under 250g.

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4. Can I fly a drone near an airport?

Flying near airports is heavily restricted. You cannot fly within the Flight Restriction Zone (FRZ) of any airport unless you have explicit permission from air traffic control or the airport operator. Regulatory Reference: CAP 722, CAP 1616 Safety Tip: Use tools like the Drone Assist app to identify FRZs and controlled airspace.

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5. What happens if I break the rules?

Violating drone regulations can result in fines, confiscation of your drone, or criminal prosecution. For example, flying above 120m or near an airport without permission can lead to penalties. Regulatory Reference: Air Navigation Order 2016, Article 94A Reminder: Always operate responsibly to avoid endangering people, property, or other aircraft.

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Questions for New Drone Pilots

6. How do I register my drone and get an Operator ID?

To register your drone:

1. Visit the CAA Drone Registration Scheme website.
2. Create an account and provide your details.
3. Complete the required competency test if applicable.
4. Pay the registration fee (currently £10 per year).

Regulatory Reference: CAP 722, UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Tip: Keep your Operator ID visible on your drone.

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7. Do I need a license to fly my drone?

For recreational pilots, you typically need to pass the Flyer ID competency test (online exam) if your drone weighs over 250g. Professional pilots may require additional certifications, such as a Specific Category Operational Authorisation under CAP 722. Regulatory Reference: UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Example: Flying a DJI Mavic Air 2 recreationally requires a Flyer ID but not a commercial license.

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8. Can I fly my drone over people?

Flying over people is restricted:

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  A1 Category: Allowed for drones weighing under 250g.
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  A2 Category: Allowed if you maintain a safe distance (minimum 30m).
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  A3 Category: Not allowed; must avoid people entirely.

Regulatory Reference: UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947, Annex Safety Note: Avoid crowded areas unless operating under specific permissions.

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Questions for Experienced Pilots

9. Can I fly Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS)?

BVLOS operations are not permitted for recreational pilots. Professional operators may apply for a Specific Category Operational Authorisation with a robust safety case demonstrating risk mitigation measures. Regulatory Reference: CAP 722, CAP 2557 Example: BVLOS is commonly used for infrastructure inspections or drone deliveries during trials.

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10. What are the rules for night flying?

You can fly at night, but you must maintain visual line of sight (VLOS) and ensure your drone is equipped with appropriate lighting to identify its orientation. Regulatory Reference: CAP 722, Article 4 Tip: Use anti-collision lights for enhanced visibility.

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11. How do I check for restricted airspace before flying?

Use tools like:

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  Drone Assist app (free, CAA-approved)
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  NOTAMs (Notice to Airmen) for temporary restrictions
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  NATS Aeronautical Charts for permanent restrictions

Regulatory Reference: CAP 1616 Reminder: Always check airspace status before each flight.

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Questions for Professional Operators

12. What is an Article 16 Authorisation, and do I need one?

An Article 16 Authorisation allows members of model aircraft associations (e.g., FPV UK) to operate drones under specific exemptions from standard rules, such as reduced distances from uninvolved people. Regulatory Reference: Article 16, Air Navigation Order 2016 Example: FPV UK members can benefit from extended permissions for recreational flying.

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13. How do I apply for a Specific Category Operational Authorisation?

Steps for application:

1. Develop a comprehensive Operations Manual (see CAP 2606 template).
2. Submit a risk assessment following the methodology in CAP 722H.
3. Apply via the CAA online portal and pay the required fees.

Regulatory Reference: CAP 722, CAP 2606 Tip: Consult with a CAA-approved Recognised Assessment Entity (RAE) for support.

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14. Are there special rules for filming or surveying with drones?

Yes, commercial filming or surveying typically falls under the Specific Category. You will need:

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  A Specific Category Operational Authorisation
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  Adequate insurance covering public liability

Regulatory Reference: CAP 722, Article 95 Example: Filming in urban areas may require additional permissions and safety measures.

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15. Can I fly a drone over private property for commercial purposes?

Yes, but you must comply with privacy laws (e.g., GDPR) and obtain permission from the property owner if necessary. Additionally, ensure safe distances from uninvolved people and structures. Regulatory Reference: CAP 722, Article 95 Safety Note: Avoid flying close to windows or sensitive areas without explicit consent.

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Additional Notes

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  Regulations may change: Always verify the latest requirements on the CAA website.
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  Educational content only: This FAQ is not legal advice. Consult with the CAA or legal professionals for specific cases.
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  Promote safe flying: Follow the UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code to protect people, property, and the environment.

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For further resources and guidance, visit 120mAGL.com or consult the CAA Drone Registration Scheme.