Frequently Asked Questions: UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code
Frequently Asked Questions: UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code
The UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code provides essential guidance to ensure safe, legal, and responsible drone operations within the United Kingdom. Below are frequently asked questions aimed at helping drone pilots—from beginners to professionals—navigate the rules effectively.
General Questions
1. Do I need a license to fly a drone in the UK?
No, you don’t need a traditional "pilot's license" to fly a drone. However, depending on the type of drone, its weight, and your intended operation, you may need to register as a drone operator and obtain a Flyer ID. If your drone weighs over 250g or is equipped with a camera, registration is mandatory under the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) rules (UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 ).
2. What is the UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code?
The UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code is a set of guidelines issued by the CAA to ensure safe and lawful operation of drones and model aircraft. It covers topics such as maximum altitude, safe distances, privacy considerations, and restrictions when flying near people, property, or restricted areas.
3. What is the maximum altitude I can fly my drone?
You must not fly your drone higher than 120 meters (400 feet) above ground level unless you have specific permission from the CAA. This limit ensures the safety of other aircraft in the sky. Always check your drone’s altitude settings before flying.
Beginner Questions
4. Do I need to register my drone with the CAA?
Yes, if your drone weighs over 250g or has a camera, you must register it with the CAA and obtain an Operator ID. Additionally, you’ll need a Flyer ID, which requires passing an online theory test. Registration can be completed via the CAA Drone Registration System .
5. Can I fly my drone over people or crowds?
No, you must not fly directly over people, especially crowds or gatherings. For drones weighing less than 250g, you may fly over people provided it is not intentional and you maintain safe distances. For drones over 250g, flying over people is prohibited unless you have specific permissions under an operational authorization (UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 ).
6. Can I fly my drone in my backyard?
Yes, you can fly your drone in your backyard, provided you follow the UK Drone Code. Ensure your drone stays within the 120m altitude limit, avoid flying near people or property outside your control, and respect others' privacy.
7. What happens if I fly my drone higher than 120m?
Flying above the legal altitude limit of 120m without proper authorization is a violation of CAA regulations and can result in penalties, fines, or prosecution. This height limit exists to prevent conflicts with manned aircraft and ensure safety in shared airspace.
Operational Questions
8. Can I fly my drone near an airport?
No, you must avoid flying your drone within the Flight Restriction Zone (FRZ) of an airport unless you have explicit permission from the airport and the CAA. FRZs are clearly defined areas surrounding airports to protect manned aircraft operations. Use tools like the Drone Assist app to identify FRZs near you.
9. Can I fly my drone at night?
Yes, you can fly at night as long as you can maintain visual line of sight (VLOS) with your drone at all times. Ensure your drone has appropriate lights for visibility, and follow the same safety rules you would during daylight hours (CAP 722 ).
10. What are the rules for flying near parks or public spaces?
Flying in parks or public spaces is allowed as long as you follow the Drone Code. Maintain safe distances from people, property, and animals, and avoid causing disturbances. Some parks may have specific local restrictions—check with the local council before flying.
Commercial Pilot Questions
11. What is Article 16 Authorization, and do I need it for commercial operations?
Article 16 Authorization allows members of recognized model aircraft associations, such as FPV UK, to operate drones and model aircraft under specific conditions beyond the standard rules. For commercial operations, you may need an Operational Authorization under the Specific category, depending on your use case (CAP 722 ).
12. Can I use my drone for aerial photography or inspections?
Yes, you can use drones for commercial purposes like photography or inspections. For operations outside the Open category (e.g., flying closer to people or objects), you will need a Specific category Operational Authorization from the CAA (CAP 722 ).
13. How do I apply for an Operational Authorization under the Specific category?
You need to submit an application to the CAA, including an Operations Manual and risk assessment. If applicable, you may need to follow pre-defined scenarios (PDRA) or propose a Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA). Details can be found in CAP 722 .
Safety and Legal Compliance
14. What should I do if I crash my drone?
If your drone crashes, immediately secure the area to prevent harm to people or property. If the crash results in injury or property damage, report the incident to the CAA using their Occurrence Reporting System .
15. What are the penalties for breaking drone laws in the UK?
Penalties for breaking drone laws can include fines up to £1,000 or prosecution. Serious violations, such as endangering an aircraft, could lead to imprisonment. It’s crucial to understand and follow the UK Drone Code to avoid legal consequences.
- â–¸Register your drone and obtain a Flyer ID and Operator ID.
- â–¸Stay below 120m altitude.
- â–¸Maintain VLOS at all times.
- â–¸Avoid flying near airports, FRZs, or restricted areas.
- â–¸Respect privacy and avoid flying over people or property.
- â–¸Use apps like Drone Assist to check airspace restrictions.
17. Can I fly my drone Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS)?
BVLOS operations require special permissions from the CAA, typically under the Specific category or as part of trials. These operations are subject to rigorous safety assessments to ensure no conflict with other airspace users (CAP 722H ).
Additional Resources
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Disclaimer
- ▸Regulations may change—always verify with official sources.
- â–¸This content is educational and does not constitute legal advice.
- â–¸Consult the CAA for complete and up-to-date requirements.
Explore more on safe and legal drone operations at 120mAGL.com .
About the Author
Roberto Gramellini
Aviation expert and UAS regulations specialist with extensive experience in EASA compliance and drone operations. Passionate about making complex regulations accessible to drone pilots across Europe.
EASA Regulatory Compliance Notice
This content is for educational purposes only and is based on EASA regulations current at the time of generation.
Always consult the official EASA documentation and your local aviation authorities for the most current regulations and legal compliance requirements before operating any UAS.