FAQ: UK Geographic Zones and Restrictions

Understanding where you can and cannot fly your drone is essential for safe and legal operations in the UK. Below are frequently asked questions tailored to drone pilots of all experience levels, covering fundamental concepts, operational concerns, and advanced scenarios.

For New Drone Pilots

1. Where can I legally fly my drone in the UK?
You can fly your drone in areas that are not restricted by UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) regulations, such as flight restriction zones (FRZs) around airports or other protected areas. Use tools like the CAA's official drone safety app, Drone Assist, to check the geographic zones near your intended flight location. Always stay within the 120m (400ft) altitude limit and avoid flying over crowds or built-up areas unless authorized.

2. What is a Flight Restriction Zone (FRZ), and how do I know if I’m in one?
An FRZ is an area around airports or other sensitive sites where drone flights are restricted for safety reasons. FRZs typically extend 2.5 nautical miles from the center of an airport and include the airspace up to 2,000ft above ground level. Use Drone Assist or other official mapping tools to check for FRZs in your area.

3. Do I need a license to fly a drone recreationally?
If your drone weighs between 250g and 20kg, you need to register as a drone operator with the CAA and pass the Flyer ID online test. Drones weighing less than 250g do not require registration unless equipped with a camera.

4. Can I fly my drone over people?
No, you must not fly directly over uninvolved people or crowds. Drones in the Open Category must maintain a safe horizontal distance from people. For drones weighing less than 250g, you may fly over people, but avoid intentional flights over crowds.

For Active Pilots

5. Can I fly near an airport if I stay under 120m?
No, flying near airports is prohibited without prior permission, even if you stay under 120m. Airports are surrounded by FRZs, and you must obtain authorization from the air traffic control (ATC) managing the airport.

6. How can I get permission to fly in restricted zones?
To fly in a restricted zone, such as an FRZ, you need permission from the relevant authority (e.g., ATC or site owner). Submit a request well in advance and provide detailed information about your planned operation.

7. What is the difference between Open and Specific Categories of drone operations?
The Open Category is for low-risk flights, such as recreational flying or light drone operations, and has simpler requirements. The Specific Category is for higher-risk operations, including BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) flights, and requires an Operational Authorisation from the CAA.

8. Can I fly at night?
Yes, you can fly at night in the UK, but you must ensure that your drone is equipped with appropriate lights for visibility and maintain VLOS (Visual Line of Sight) at all times.

For Professional Operators

9. What are the requirements for flying BVLOS in the UK?
BVLOS operations fall under the Specific Category and require an Operational Authorisation from the CAA. You must demonstrate how you will mitigate risks, integrate safely with other airspace users, and comply with CAP 722 guidelines.

10. Can I fly a drone commercially without a specific license?
Commercial drone operations in the UK require an Operational Authorisation from the CAA unless the operation is within the Open Category and complies with its restrictions.

11. How do I apply for an Operational Authorisation?
Submit an application to the CAA with a detailed risk assessment, operations manual, and evidence of competency (such as a GVC—General VLOS Certificate). Refer to CAP 722 for guidance on preparing your application.

12. What are the rules for flying near national parks or protected wildlife areas?
Flying in national parks or protected areas may require permission from the landowner or governing authority. Additionally, you must avoid disturbing wildlife, especially during sensitive periods like nesting seasons.

For All Pilots

13. What happens if I accidentally fly into a restricted zone?
If you unintentionally enter a restricted zone, immediately land your drone safely and report the incident to the CAA. Unauthorized flights in restricted areas can result in penalties, including fines or prosecution.

14. What penalties could I face for breaking drone regulations?
Violating drone regulations can result in fines of up to £1,000 or prosecution for serious breaches, such as endangering aircraft or people.

15. How can I check if my flight plan complies with UK regulations?
Use tools like Drone Assist or the CAA’s airspace maps to check your planned flight area for restrictions. Always verify your drone’s weight class and ensure you meet the registration and competency requirements.

16. What is the maximum altitude I can fly my drone?
The maximum altitude for drone operations in the UK is 120m (400ft) above ground level unless explicitly authorized by the CAA.

17. Can I fly my drone over private property without permission?
Flying over private property does not require permission, but you must avoid causing a nuisance or invading privacy. Always maintain a safe altitude and distance.

Safety and Legal Compliance Notes

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  Always check the latest regulations on the CAA Drone Regulations website.
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  Regulations may change—verify before every flight.
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  Consult official CAA documentation for complete requirements.

Stay informed, fly responsibly, and use 120mAGL.com for ongoing updates and educational resources about UK drone regulations.