FAQ: UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code
FAQ: UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code
Welcome to 120mAGL’s comprehensive FAQ on the UK Drone and Model Aircraft Code. Whether you’re a beginner or a professional operator, these questions will help you navigate the regulations, operate safely, and stay compliant with UK drone laws.
General Questions for All Pilots
1. Do I need a license to fly a drone in the UK?
Yes, if your drone weighs more than 250g or is equipped with a camera, you must register as an operator and pass a theory test to obtain a Flyer ID. You also need an Operator ID to mark your drone. This applies to both recreational and commercial pilots.Regulatory Context: According to the UK CAA, drones must be registered under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Article 14.
Safety Reminder: Always ensure your drone is marked with your Operator ID before flying.
2. What is the maximum altitude I can fly my drone in the UK?
You must not fly your drone higher than 120 meters (400 feet) above ground level unless you have specific permission from the CAA.
Regulatory Context: This is mandated under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Article 4(1).
Safety Reminder: Flying above 120m increases the risk of collision with manned aircraft. Ensure your drone remains within visual line of sight (VLOS).
3. Can I fly my drone near an airport?
No, you must not fly within the Flight Restriction Zone (FRZ) of an airport without permission. FRZs typically extend to 5km horizontally from the airport boundary and include the critical take-off and landing paths.
Regulatory Context: This is specified under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Article 15.
Practical Example: If you want to inspect property near an airport, you must apply for specific authorization from the airport and the CAA.
Safety Reminder: Unauthorized flights near airports can result in severe penalties and endanger lives.
4. What happens if I fly my drone unsafely or break the rules?
You could face fines, confiscation of your drone, or legal action. Serious violations—such as endangering aircraft—could lead to imprisonment.
Regulatory Context: Violations are enforced under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Articles 12 and 15.
Safety Reminder: Always follow the Drone Code and prioritize safety. Irresponsible flying can endanger people, property, and other airspace users.
5. Can I fly my drone at night?
Yes, you can fly a drone at night in the UK, but you must ensure your drone remains within visual line of sight (VLOS) at all times. Additional lighting may be required to maintain visibility.
Regulatory Context: Night operations are permitted under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Article 4(1).
Practical Example: If flying at night, consider equipping your drone with lights that help you maintain VLOS while ensuring it is visible to others.
Safety Reminder: Be extra cautious about obstacles and ensure you are aware of your surroundings.
6. Can I fly over people or crowds?
No, you must not fly your drone directly over people or large crowds unless you have specific authorization from the CAA.
Regulatory Context: Flying over uninvolved people is restricted under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Article 5.
Practical Example: If filming at a public event, you must ensure you stay clear of crowds and comply with Open or Specific category requirements.
Safety Reminder: Flying over people can pose significant risks. Always prioritize safety and follow the Drone Code.
Beginner Questions
7. How do I register my drone with the UK CAA?
You can register your drone online through the UK Civil Aviation Authority website. You’ll need to pass a theory test to get your Flyer ID and complete registration for your Operator ID.Regulatory Context: Registration is required under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Article 14.
Practical Example: Visit CAA Drone Registration for step-by-step instructions.
8. Where can I legally fly my drone?
You can fly your drone in open areas away from people, property, and restricted zones. Apps like Drone Assist can help identify safe locations.
Safety Reminder: Always check for Flight Restriction Zones and maintain VLOS during flight.
9. Can I fly my drone indoors?
Yes, indoor flights are not regulated by the CAA as long as the drone does not exit the building and enter regulated airspace.
Safety Reminder: Be cautious about obstacles, people, and property indoors.
Operational and Experienced Pilot Questions
10. How do I obtain permission for commercial drone operations?
For commercial operations, you’ll need operational authorization from the CAA under the Specific category, often requiring submission of a safety case or risk assessment.Regulatory Context: Commercial operations are governed under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Articles 5 and 11.
Safety Reminder: Ensure your drone and operation meet the requirements of your authorization.
11. Can I fly Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS)?
BVLOS operations require specific authorization from the CAA and a robust safety case demonstrating risk mitigation.
Regulatory Context: BVLOS is addressed under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Article 11.
Practical Example: BVLOS is common for infrastructure inspections or medical deliveries but requires compliance with Electronic Conspicuity standards.
12. What are the requirements for flying in the Specific category?
The Specific category requires a risk assessment or safety case using the UK SORA methodology and operational authorization from the CAA.
Regulatory Context: Specific category operations are governed under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Article 11.
Safety Reminder: Always follow the requirements outlined in your operational authorization.
Advanced Questions for Professional Operators
13. What is the UK SORA, and how does it apply to my operations?
The Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) is a methodology for assessing risks and ensuring safe Specific category operations.Regulatory Context: SORA is detailed in UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Article 11 and CAP 722.
Practical Example: Use the SORA framework to demonstrate how risks are mitigated in complex operations like BVLOS or flights in congested areas.
14. How do I ensure my drone meets flightworthiness standards?
Professional operators must ensure drones meet Recognised Assessment Entity for Flightworthiness (RAE(F)) standards under CAP 722J.
Safety Reminder: Regularly inspect and maintain your drone to ensure compliance with flightworthiness standards.
15. What happens if my drone loses control or crashes?
You must report significant incidents to the CAA and investigate the cause. Depending on the severity, penalties may apply.
Regulatory Context: Incident reporting is required under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947 Article 16.
Safety Reminder: Always conduct pre-flight checks to minimize risks.Disclaimers
- ▸Regulations may change—always verify with official sources like the UK CAA.
- â–¸This FAQ is for educational purposes and is not legal advice.
- â–¸Consult official UK and EASA documentation for complete requirements.
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About the Author
Roberto Gramellini
Aviation expert and UAS regulations specialist with extensive experience in EASA compliance and drone operations. Passionate about making complex regulations accessible to drone pilots across Europe.
EASA Regulatory Compliance Notice
This content is for educational purposes only and is based on EASA regulations current at the time of generation.
Always consult the official EASA documentation and your local aviation authorities for the most current regulations and legal compliance requirements before operating any UAS.