Understanding Operational Authorisation (OpAuth) for Drone Pilots
Understanding Operational Authorisation (OpAuth) for Drone Pilots
Operational Authorisation (OpAuth) is a critical aspect of drone operations within the framework of UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) regulations, particularly for those operating under the Specific category of UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947. Whether you're flying for commercial purposes or as part of a model aircraft association, understanding and adhering to OpAuth requirements is essential for legal and safe operations.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll break down the concept of Operational Authorisation, explore its requirements, and provide actionable steps to ensure compliance. This article is tailored for drone pilots operating under CAA regulations and aims to simplify the complexities of OpAuth.
What Is Operational Authorisation (OpAuth)?
Operational Authorisation is a formal approval issued by the UK CAA that permits specific unmanned aircraft operations in scenarios that fall outside the Open category. These operations are typically higher risk and require a tailored risk assessment and mitigation strategy.
The need for OpAuth arises when drone activities exceed the standard Open category limits, such as operations near uninvolved people, in restricted airspace, or beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS). By granting OpAuth, the CAA ensures that pilots meet safety and operational standards specific to their mission.
Why Does OpAuth Exist?
The concept of Operational Authorisation ensures that advanced or higher-risk drone operations are conducted safely and responsibly. It protects both the public and airspace users from potential hazards while enabling innovation in drone applications.
Historically, OpAuth evolved from the need to regulate diverse drone activities, ranging from aerial photography to industrial inspections. As drone technology advanced, the CAA implemented OpAuth to provide flexibility for operators while maintaining safety standards.
Key Regulations Behind OpAuth
Operational Authorisation is governed by UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947, which outlines requirements for UAS operations in the Specific category. Key articles include:
- â–¸Article 5: Defines the Specific category and its requirements.
- â–¸Article 11: Introduces the risk assessment methodology for Specific category operations.
- â–¸Annex A: Details the SORA (Specific Operations Risk Assessment) framework.
These regulations ensure that any operation requiring OpAuth undergoes rigorous evaluation to mitigate risks.
Who Needs Operational Authorisation?
You’ll need OpAuth if your drone operation meets any of the following criteria:
- â–¸Flying Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS): Operations where the drone cannot be seen by the pilot.
- â–¸Flying Near Uninvolved People: If your drone will operate closer to uninvolved individuals than allowed under the Open category.
- â–¸Using Heavier Drones: If your drone exceeds the weight limits defined for the Open category.
- â–¸Restricted Airspace: Operating in controlled or restricted airspace requires specific permissions.
For example, a photographer using a drone for a wedding shoot in a congested area may require OpAuth due to proximity to uninvolved people.
Detailed Requirements for Obtaining OpAuth
To obtain Operational Authorisation, operators must meet several requirements set by the CAA. These include:
1. Risk Assessment
Operators must conduct a Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA), as outlined in Annex A of UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947. This includes:- â–¸Ground Risk Assessment: Evaluating risks to people and property on the ground.
- â–¸Air Risk Assessment: Assessing risks to other airspace users.
- â–¸Mitigation Measures: Implementing strategies to reduce risks, such as contingency plans and technical safeguards.
2. Operations Manual
An Operations Manual must be submitted as part of the application process. This document should include:- â–¸A detailed description of the operation.
- â–¸Emergency procedures.
- â–¸Maintenance schedules for the drone.
- â–¸Pilot qualifications and training records.
Refer to CAP 2606 for an Operations Manual template.
3. Remote Pilot Competency
Pilots must demonstrate competency through training and certification. The Certificate of Competency (CofC) or equivalent qualifications are often required.4. Drone Requirements
The drone must meet technical specifications suitable for the operation, including fail-safe features and electronic conspicuity devices where necessary.Practical Application of OpAuth
Here’s how Operational Authorisation works in real-world scenarios:
Example 1: Commercial Drone Inspection
An operator conducting an inspection of a power plant may require OpAuth if the operation involves flying near uninvolved workers and BVLOS. The operator must submit a SORA, obtain pilot certifications, and ensure the drone is equipped with safety features.Example 2: Event Photography
A drone pilot hired for aerial photography at a public event may need OpAuth due to proximity to crowds. The operator must plan flight paths, submit risk assessments, and comply with local airspace restrictions.Common Questions About OpAuth
Q1: How long does it take to obtain OpAuth?
Approval times vary but typically range from 4 to 8 weeks, depending on the complexity of the operation.Q2: Can I modify my OpAuth?
Yes, operators can submit amendments if their operation changes. For example, switching to a new drone model requires updating the Operations Manual and risk assessment.Q3: What happens if I operate without OpAuth?
Operating without required authorisation is illegal and can result in fines, loss of certifications, or even criminal charges.Q4: Can I apply for OpAuth as an individual?
Yes, both individuals and organisations can apply for Operational Authorisation.Compliance Checklist
Use this checklist to ensure compliance with OpAuth requirements:
- Conduct a Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA).
- Prepare an Operations Manual using CAP 2606 guidelines.
- Obtain the necessary pilot certifications (e.g., CofC).
- Ensure your drone meets technical and safety standards.
- Submit your application to the CAA via the appropriate channels.
- Review and update your authorisation as needed.
Best Practices for Safe and Legal Operations
- â–¸Plan Ahead: Always allow sufficient time for application processing.
- â–¸Stay Updated: Regularly check for updates to regulations (CAP 722).
- â–¸Invest in Training: Ensure pilots are well-trained and certified.
- â–¸Maintain Your Equipment: Regularly inspect and maintain your drone to ensure compliance.
- â–¸Communicate: Notify local authorities of your operation if required.
Summary
Operational Authorisation is a cornerstone of safe, advanced drone operations under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947. By understanding the requirements and following best practices, drone pilots can expand their capabilities while ensuring compliance with CAA regulations.
For further guidance, visit the CAA website and check out CAP 722 for detailed information on drone operations in UK airspace.
Further Resources
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About the Author
Roberto Gramellini
Aviation expert and UAS regulations specialist with extensive experience in EASA compliance and drone operations. Passionate about making complex regulations accessible to drone pilots across Europe.
EASA Regulatory Compliance Notice
This content is for educational purposes only and is based on EASA regulations current at the time of generation.
Always consult the official EASA documentation and your local aviation authorities for the most current regulations and legal compliance requirements before operating any UAS.