Operational Authorisation: Everything European Drone Pilots Need to Know

Introduction: Navigating the Skies Safely and Legally

Imagine you're preparing for an exciting drone project: inspecting a construction site, capturing breathtaking landscapes, or surveying farmland. But before you take off, there’s one critical question: Do you need an Operational Authorisation (OpAuth) to legally fly your drone?

If you’re a drone pilot in Europe, understanding and complying with EASA's Operational Authorisation regulations is essential for safe and legal operations. At 120mAGL, we specialize in making complex drone regulations easy to understand and actionable. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know about Operational Authorisation, step-by-step, so you can focus on flying responsibly and confidently.

This article covers:

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  What Operational Authorisation is and why it exists
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  Detailed requirements for obtaining authorisation
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  Real-world examples of how it applies
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  Answers to common questions and challenges
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  Compliance checklists and best practices

Whether you're flying for recreation or commercial purposes, this guide will ensure you stay within legal limits, including the 120m altitude restriction, while operating your drone safely and responsibly.

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What Is Operational Authorisation?

Overview and Background

Operational Authorisation (OpAuth) is a legal requirement for drone pilots conducting operations in the Specific category under EASA regulations. The Specific category is designed for drone operations that exceed the limitations of the Open category, such as flights near people, beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS), or in controlled airspace.

The need for OpAuth stems from the increasing complexity of drone operations. As drones are used for tasks like surveying, delivery, and inspections, regulators must ensure operations are conducted safely and with minimal risk to people, property, and other airspace users. OpAuth provides a structured framework for assessing and mitigating risks associated with these advanced operations.

Under Regulation 2019/947, Article 5 outlines the framework for Operational Authorisation. It mandates that operators submit a risk assessment and demonstrate compliance with the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) methodology to gain approval for their planned operations. (Reg 2019/947 Art. 5)

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Detailed Requirements for Operational Authorisation

When Is Operational Authorisation Required?

You must obtain OpAuth if your drone operation falls into the Specific category, which includes:

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  Flying near people: Operations that may involve flying closer to uninvolved persons than allowed under the Open category. (Reg 2019/947 Art. 5)
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  Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS): Flights where the remote pilot cannot directly see the drone at all times. (Reg 2019/947 Art. 5)
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  Operations in controlled airspace: Flying in areas with airspace restrictions, such as near airports. (Reg 2019/947 Art. 5)
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  Use of drones exceeding 25kg: Operations involving large drones that fall outside the weight limitations of the Open category. (Reg 2019/947 Art. 5)

The Application Process

To obtain Operational Authorisation, you’ll need to follow these steps:

1. Determine if your operation falls within the Specific category: Assess whether your intended flight exceeds the Open category limitations.
2. Conduct a risk assessment using SORA: Evaluate the risks of your operation and propose mitigation strategies to ensure safety. (Reg 2019/947 Art. 11)
3. Prepare an Operations Manual: Develop a detailed manual that outlines your procedures, equipment specifications, emergency protocols, and safety measures.
4. Submit your application to your National Aviation Authority (NAA): Include your risk assessment, operations manual, and any additional documentation requested. (Reg 2019/947 Art. 5)
5. Await approval: Your NAA will review your application and may request further clarification or amendments.

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Practical Application: Real-World Scenarios

Example 1: Aerial Photography Near Crowds

A professional photographer wants to capture aerial footage of a music festival. The operation involves flying near large groups of people, which falls outside the Open category’s limitations. To comply, the photographer must obtain OpAuth by:

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  Conducting a SORA to assess risks like crowd density and drone malfunction.
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  Proposing mitigation measures, such as using a drone with safety features like propeller guards and parachutes.
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  Submitting an application with a detailed operations manual outlining safety procedures and emergency protocols.

Example 2: BVLOS Agricultural Survey

A farmer needs to conduct a BVLOS drone survey of a large agricultural field. Since BVLOS operations are not permitted in the Open category, the farmer must:

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  Ensure the drone is equipped with a reliable communication system and failsafe mechanisms.
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  Perform a SORA to evaluate risks like loss of control and airspace interference.
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  Apply for OpAuth, detailing the flight plan, equipment specifications, and emergency procedures.

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Common Questions and Challenges

Q1: Can I modify my drone after obtaining OpAuth?

Yes, but any modifications must comply with the requirements of your Operational Authorisation. Operators must complete a self-assessment checklist for each modification and submit it to the NAA within 30 days. (Reg 2019/947 Art. 5)

Q2: What happens if I operate without OpAuth?

Operating without the required authorisation can result in penalties, fines, or suspension of your drone pilot certification. Always ensure compliance before conducting any flight.

Q3: How long does it take to get approval?

The approval process varies by country and operation complexity. It’s advisable to submit your application well in advance of your planned operation.

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Compliance Checklist

To ensure you meet all requirements for Operational Authorisation, follow this checklist:

1. Determine your operation category: Is your operation in the Specific category?
2. Conduct a SORA: Assess risks and propose mitigation strategies. (Reg 2019/947 Art. 11)
3. Develop an Operations Manual: Include all required details, such as flight procedures and emergency protocols. (Reg 2019/947 Art. 5)
4. Submit your application: Provide all necessary documentation to your NAA.
5. Monitor compliance: Keep records of all operations and modifications. (Reg 2019/947 Art. 5)

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Best Practices for Safe and Legal Operations

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  Know your limits: Stay within the 120m altitude restriction unless authorised for higher flights.
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  Use compliant equipment: Ensure your drone meets the required technical specifications for Specific category operations.
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  Plan for emergencies: Always have a contingency plan in case of malfunctions or unexpected events.
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  Stay informed: Regulations evolve, so keep up to date with changes via official EASA sources and 120mAGL.

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Conclusion

Operational Authorisation is a critical component of safe and legal drone operations in Europe. By understanding the requirements and following best practices, you can unlock the full potential of your drone while protecting the safety of others and ensuring compliance with EASA regulations.

At 120mAGL, we’re committed to helping you navigate these rules with clarity and confidence. Bookmark this guide and refer to it as you plan your operations in the Specific category.

Remember: Safety and compliance are not optional—they’re essential for every responsible drone pilot.

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Additional Resources

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  EASA Regulation 2019/947
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  120mAGL Guide to SORA Methodology
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  European Drone Pilot Certification Requirements

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Disclaimer

This article is based on information available as of October 2023. Regulations may change, so always refer to official EASA documentation for the latest requirements.

Fly responsibly, and stay safe in the skies!