FAQ: CAA Open Category Operations
FAQ: CAA Open Category Operations
This FAQ is tailored for drone pilots operating in the UK under the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) regulations. It covers fundamental concepts, day-to-day concerns, and advanced compliance topics for recreational and professional operators flying within the Open Category.Fundamental Concepts and Definitions
1. What is the Open Category under CAA regulations?
The Open Category is the classification for low-risk drone operations under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947. It allows pilots to fly drones without requiring prior authorisation, provided they meet specific safety requirements. Flights must remain within visual line of sight (VLOS) and adhere to the 120m altitude limit.
- â–¸Subcategories: A1 (Flying over people), A2 (Close to people), A3 (Far from people).
- â–¸Drone Class: Operations depend on the drone's CE class marking (C0-C4).
For more details, refer to CAP 722 .
2. Do I need a license to fly a drone in the Open Category?
In most cases, you don’t need a formal license. However, you must register as a drone operator with the CAA and pass the online Drone and Model Aircraft Registration and Education Service (DMARES) test if your drone weighs 250g or more.
- â–¸Registration applies to drones with cameras, regardless of weight.
- â–¸For drones in the A2 subcategory, an A2 Certificate of Competency (A2 CofC) may be required.
3. What drones can I fly in the Open Category? You can operate drones that meet CE class markings (C0-C4) and weight thresholds outlined in the regulations:
- â–¸A1 subcategory: Drones marked C0 or C1, weighing up to 900g.
- â–¸A2 subcategory: Drones marked C2, weighing up to 4kg.
- â–¸A3 subcategory: Drones marked C3 or C4, weighing up to 25kg.
If your drone lacks a CE class marking, you may be subject to transitional provisions until January 2026.
4. What are the general rules for flying in the Open Category?
Drone pilots must follow these basic rules:
- â–¸Altitude limit: Do not exceed 120m (400ft).
- â–¸Distance from uninvolved people:
- â–¹A1: Fly over people but avoid gatherings.
- â–¹A2: Maintain a minimum horizontal distance of 30m from uninvolved people (or 5m with low-speed mode).
- â–¹A3: Maintain 150m distance from residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational areas.
- â–¸VLOS: Always keep your drone within your visual line of sight.
- â–¸No-fly zones: Do not fly near airports, restricted areas, or critical infrastructure without proper authorisation.
Day-to-Day Operational Concerns
5. Can I fly my drone at night in the Open Category?
Yes, you can fly at night in the Open Category, but you must maintain VLOS and ensure your drone has lights visible at all times to help you maintain visual contact.
6. Can I fly my drone in a park or public space?
Yes, you can fly in parks or public spaces under the Open Category, but you must:
- â–¸Avoid flying near uninvolved people or over gatherings.
- â–¸Check local council rules or bylaws, as some parks prohibit drone use.
7. What happens if I lose VLOS while flying my drone? If you lose visual line of sight, you are no longer compliant with the Open Category rules. You must safely return your drone to VLOS immediately using its return-to-home (RTH) function if available.
8. Can I fly near buildings or residential areas? Flying near buildings or residential areas depends on the subcategory:
- â–¸A1 operations: Allowed but avoid flying directly over uninvolved people.
- â–¸A2 operations: Maintain at least 30m horizontal distance from uninvolved people (or 5m in low-speed mode).
- â–¸A3 operations: Stay 150m away from residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational areas.
Always ensure you comply with privacy laws.
Professional Operators and Commercial Pilots
9. Can I use my drone for commercial purposes in the Open Category?
Yes, commercial operations are allowed in the Open Category if your flights meet the low-risk requirements and comply with subcategory rules (A1, A2, A3). You may need an A2 Certificate of Competency (A2 CofC) depending on your drone and intended operations.
For higher-risk operations, consider applying for a Specific Category Operational Authorisation under CAP 722 .
10. Can I fly near an airport?
No, flying near airports is strictly prohibited unless you have explicit permission. Airports are designated as Flight Restriction Zones (FRZs) under CAA regulations.
To fly near an airport, you must obtain authorisation from air traffic control (ATC). Without approval, you risk penalties, including fines and prosecution.
11. How do I prepare for an A2 Certificate of Competency (A2 CofC)?
To obtain the A2 CofC, you must:
- Complete an online theory course with a CAA-approved training organisation.
- Pass a multiple-choice exam covering drone regulations, safety measures, and operational procedures.
Check the CAA website for a list of approved training organisations.
Critical Safety Information and Legal Compliance
12. What happens if I exceed the 120m altitude limit?
Exceeding the 120m limit breaches CAA regulations under UK Regulation (EU) 2019/947. Penalties may include fines, suspension of your operator ID, or prosecution for endangering aircraft and people.
13. What are the consequences of flying over uninvolved people in the A3 subcategory?
Flying over uninvolved people in the A3 subcategory violates Open Category rules, as this subcategory requires a 150m separation from people and areas. Consequences may include:
- â–¸Fines or legal penalties.
- â–¸Suspension of your operator ID.
- â–¸Liability for any damages or injuries caused.
14. Can I fly my drone during bad weather in the Open Category? No, you should not fly your drone during adverse weather conditions such as high winds, heavy rain, or fog. These conditions can affect your ability to maintain VLOS and compromise the safe operation of your drone.
15. How can I check if I’m flying in a restricted area? Use the CAA’s official Drone Assist app or check the UK’s Airspace Restrictions Map to identify restricted or controlled airspace, including FRZs, military zones, and critical infrastructure. Always check NOTAMs (Notice to Airmen) before flying.
Additional Resources
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Disclaimer
This FAQ is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Always verify regulations through official CAA documentation, as rules may change. For the latest updates, consult the CAA website .Fly safely and responsibly!
About the Author
Roberto Gramellini
Aviation expert and UAS regulations specialist with extensive experience in EASA compliance and drone operations. Passionate about making complex regulations accessible to drone pilots across Europe.
EASA Regulatory Compliance Notice
This content is for educational purposes only and is based on EASA regulations current at the time of generation.
Always consult the official EASA documentation and your local aviation authorities for the most current regulations and legal compliance requirements before operating any UAS.