Frequently Asked Questions: Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Operations

For All Pilots

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1. What is Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS)?

Answer: BVLOS refers to drone operations where the pilot cannot maintain unaided visual contact with the drone during flight. This is different from standard Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) operations, which require the drone to be visible at all times without the use of visual aids like binoculars. Regulatory Context: Under 14 CFR § 107.31, Part 107 operations generally require the drone to be flown within the visual line of sight of the Remote Pilot in Command (RPIC) or a visual observer. BVLOS operations require special authorization from the FAA. Safety Reminder: Flying BVLOS increases risks, as the pilot cannot directly see obstacles or other aircraft. Always prioritize safety and follow FAA regulations.

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2. Can I fly BVLOS under Part 107 without a waiver?

Answer: No, BVLOS operations are not allowed under 14 CFR Part 107 without an approved waiver. The regulation requires the RPIC or visual observer to maintain visual line of sight with the drone at all times. Regulatory Context: To conduct BVLOS flights, you must apply for and be granted a waiver for 14 CFR § 107.31 by the FAA. Practical Example: If you need to inspect a pipeline that spans several miles and cannot maintain visual contact with the drone, you must apply for a BVLOS waiver. Official Reference: Refer to the FAA's Part 107 Waiver Application Instructions for details on how to apply for a BVLOS waiver.

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3. How do I apply for a BVLOS waiver?

Answer: To apply for a BVLOS waiver, follow these steps:

1. Visit the FAA’s DroneZone portal.
2. Submit a Part 107 Waiver Application for 14 CFR § 107.31.
3. Provide detailed information about your operation, including safety mitigations, technology used (e.g., detect-and-avoid systems), and procedures for maintaining operational safety.

Regulatory Context: The FAA evaluates BVLOS waiver applications based on risk assessments and safety protocols. Demonstrating the ability to detect and avoid other aircraft is critical. Safety Reminder: Ensure your drone is equipped with reliable technology, such as GPS tracking and obstacle avoidance, to mitigate risks. Official Reference: Read FAA Advisory Circular AC 107-2A for guidance on waiver applications.

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4. What are the key requirements for BVLOS operations?

Answer: BVLOS operations require:

• FAA Waiver: Approval for 14 CFR § 107.31.
• Safety Mitigations: Use of detect-and-avoid systems and procedures to prevent collisions.
• Technology: Reliable command-and-control links and navigation systems.
• Coordination: Compliance with airspace rules, including potential coordination with Air Traffic Control (ATC).

Regulatory Context: You must demonstrate how your operation ensures safety equivalent to or greater than VLOS operations. Safety Reminder: Never operate BVLOS without proper authorization and safety protocols in place.

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5. What happens if I fly BVLOS without FAA approval?

Answer: Flying BVLOS without FAA approval violates 14 CFR Part 107 and can result in penalties such as fines, suspension of your Remote Pilot Certificate, or enforcement actions. Regulatory Context: The FAA enforces compliance strictly to maintain safety in the National Airspace System (NAS). Safety Reminder: Always adhere to FAA regulations to avoid legal consequences and ensure the safety of others. Official Reference: Refer to FAA Order 2150.3C for details on enforcement actions.

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For New Drone Pilots

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6. Can recreational pilots fly BVLOS?

Answer: No, recreational pilots flying under 49 USC § 44809 must keep their drone within visual line of sight at all times. BVLOS operations are not permitted for recreational flights. Regulatory Context: Recreational pilots are subject to stricter limitations and cannot apply for BVLOS waivers. Safety Reminder: If you need to fly beyond visual line of sight, consider obtaining a Part 107 Remote Pilot Certificate and applying for a waiver.

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7. Do I need special equipment for BVLOS flights?

Answer: Yes, BVLOS operations typically require advanced equipment, including:

• Detect-and-Avoid Systems: To identify and avoid obstacles or other aircraft.
• Command-and-Control Links: Reliable communication with the drone.
• GPS Navigation Systems: For precise positioning.

Regulatory Context: The FAA requires operators to demonstrate robust safety measures during the waiver application process.

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For Experienced Drone Pilots

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8. Can I fly BVLOS near an airport?

Answer: BVLOS operations near airports require FAA approval and coordination with ATC. Operating near an airport without authorization violates 14 CFR § 107.41 (Operation in controlled airspace). Safety Reminder: Airports are high-risk areas for drone operations due to manned aircraft traffic. Always obtain proper airspace authorization and follow ATC instructions.

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9. How does BVLOS impact my ability to comply with altitude limits?

Answer: Under 14 CFR § 107.51, drones must remain below 400 feet above ground level (AGL) unless authorized to exceed this limit. BVLOS operations do not exempt pilots from this rule. Safety Reminder: Monitor altitude carefully during BVLOS flights to avoid violating regulations.

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10. What technology is recommended for BVLOS operations?

Answer: The FAA encourages the use of:

• ADS-B Receivers: For situational awareness of nearby aircraft.
• Ground Control Stations (GCS): For real-time monitoring and control.
• Obstacle Avoidance Systems: To reduce collision risks.

Safety Reminder: Ensure all equipment is functioning properly before conducting BVLOS flights.

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For Professional and Commercial Operators

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11. What types of BVLOS operations are commonly approved?

Answer: The FAA frequently approves BVLOS operations for:

• Infrastructure inspections (e.g., pipelines, power lines).
• Agriculture and crop monitoring.
• Package delivery services.

Regulatory Context: Each application is reviewed on a case-by-case basis, with safety being the primary concern.

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12. Can BVLOS be used for package delivery?

Answer: Yes, package delivery via BVLOS is possible under FAA regulations but requires a waiver and compliance with additional standards, such as those outlined in FAA Part 135 Certification for commercial air carriers. Safety Reminder: Ensure compliance with operational limits, including weight restrictions under 14 CFR § 107.3.

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13. Are there additional training requirements for BVLOS operations?

Answer: Although not mandatory under Part 107, BVLOS operators often undergo specialized training in risk management, detect-and-avoid systems, and advanced operational techniques. Safety Reminder: Invest in BVLOS-specific training to improve operational safety and waiver application success.

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Critical Safety Reminders

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14. How can I ensure safe BVLOS operations?

Answer: To fly safely, always:

• Conduct thorough pre-flight planning.
• Use reliable technology for navigation and obstacle avoidance.
• Follow FAA-approved procedures and maintain compliance with waiver conditions.

Safety Reminder: Safety is the responsibility of the RPIC. Never compromise safety for convenience.

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15. Where can I find official FAA resources on BVLOS operations?

Answer: Visit the FAA’s official website and review:

• Part 107 Waiver Application Instructions
• Advisory Circular AC 107-2A
• FAA DroneZone portal

Safety Reminder: Regulations may change. Always verify the latest requirements with the FAA.

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Disclaimer: This FAQ is for educational purposes and does not constitute legal advice. Regulations may change—always consult official FAA documentation for complete requirements. For more information on drone operations, visit 120mAGL.com .