Flying Drones in Italian National Parks: ENAC and EASA Regulations Explained

Understanding the Rules for Drones in Italy

Italian National Parks ("Parchi Nazionali") offer breathtaking landscapes and unique ecosystems, making them an enticing destination for drone pilots eager to capture stunning aerial views. However, flying drones in these protected areas requires a thorough understanding of both ENAC (Italian National Aviation Authority) regulations and the overarching European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) rules. This guide will clarify the legal requirements and help you ensure safe, compliant drone operations in Italy's National Parks.

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The Regulatory Framework: EASA vs. ENAC

How Do EASA and ENAC Interact?

Drone operations within Italy are governed by a combination of European and national regulations. EASA provides the foundational rules for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) across Europe, defined in two main regulations:

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  Reg. UE 2019/947: Covers operational requirements for UAS.
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  Reg. UE 2019/945: Specifies product requirements, including drone certification and CE marking.

ENAC, as the national aviation authority, is responsible for implementing these EU regulations in Italy and adding specific rules tailored to the country's unique needs. For example, ENAC can define geographical restrictions, registration procedures, and additional requirements for flying in areas such as National Parks.

Harmonized vs. National-Specific Rules

While many operational aspects align with EASA standards (e.g., categories like Open, Specific, and Certified), ENAC introduces additional restrictions specific to Italy. Flying in National Parks falls under this category, as these areas are subject to environmental protection laws and airspace restrictions.

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Why Are National Parks Restricted?

The Purpose of Regulations

Italian National Parks are not only natural treasures but also heavily protected zones due to their ecological and cultural significance. Drone operations in these areas are controlled to:

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  Preserve Wildlife: Drones can disturb nesting birds and other wildlife.
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  Ensure Safety: Minimizing risks to hikers and other park visitors.
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  Protect Privacy: Safeguarding individuals in public spaces.
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  Avoid Airspace Conflicts: Many parks are located near restricted or controlled airspace, such as airports or military zones.

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Flying Drones in National Parks: Key Rules

Restricted Airspace and Permissions

Flying a drone in an Italian National Park is generally prohibited without explicit permission from the park authorities and ENAC. This restriction stems from environmental protection regulations and the need to maintain public safety.

To request authorization, drone pilots must follow ENAC procedures as outlined in specific circulars and guidelines. Unfortunately, the source documents provided do not detail these procedures for National Parks; it is recommended to consult the official ENAC website or directly contact park authorities for further instructions.

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General Requirements for Drone Pilots

1. Drone Registration

All drones weighing 250 grams or more must be registered via ENAC's official portal, D-Flight. Registration involves:

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  Creating an account.
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  Providing drone details (manufacturer, model, serial number).
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  Paying the registration fee.

After registration, pilots receive a QR code that must be affixed to the drone before flight. Even drones under 250 grams may require registration if equipped with a camera or other data-capturing devices (Reg. UE 2019/947 Art. 14).

2. Remote Pilot License ("Patentino")

Drone pilots must hold a valid Remote Pilot Certificate for flying in the Open or Specific categories, issued after completing online training and passing an exam. Details of training requirements can be found under ENAC's "Regolamento Mezzi Aerei a Pilotaggio Remoto."

3. Geographical Zones

Italy has defined specific geo-zones where drone operations are restricted or regulated. Pilots can check these zones using the D-Flight platform to ensure compliance. These zones include:

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  Prohibited areas: Airports, military bases, prisons.
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  Restricted areas: National Parks, archaeological sites, urban centers.

Maximum Altitude

Regardless of location, drones must not exceed a flight altitude of 120 meters above ground level (AGL) unless operating under Specific category permissions (Reg. UE 2019/947 Art. 4, par. 1, lett. a).

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Applying for Authorization to Fly in National Parks

Step-by-Step Application Process

To gain permission for drone operations in National Parks, pilots must:

1. Identify the Park Authority: Contact the administration responsible for the specific park.
2. Submit a Formal Request: Provide detailed information, including:

- Purpose of the operation (e.g., filming, research). - Drone specifications (type, weight, maximum altitude). - Flight plan (dates, times, coordinates).

1. Coordinate with ENAC: Submit any required documentation to ENAC, such as an airspace authorization request.
2. Await Approval: Both park authorities and ENAC must approve the operation before the flight.

Unfortunately, specific procedures and forms for authorization requests are not included in the provided ENAC documents. Pilots should directly consult ENAC's official website for guidance.

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Safety and Insurance: Protecting Yourself and Others

Liability Insurance

Italian regulations require all drone pilots to hold third-party liability insurance to cover potential damages or injuries caused during operations. This applies even to drones under 250 grams if they are used for professional purposes (Reg. UE 2019/947 Art. 14).

Pre-Flight Checklist

Before flying in Italy, pilots should confirm:

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  Drone registration and QR code compliance.
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  Valid Remote Pilot Certificate ("Patentino").
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  Insurance coverage.
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  Geo-zone verification (via D-Flight).
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  Permission for restricted areas like National Parks.

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Practical Scenarios in Italy

Example 1: Filming in Gran Paradiso National Park

A drone pilot plans to capture footage for a documentary in Gran Paradiso National Park.

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  Steps to follow:

- Contact park authorities for filming permissions. - Submit an airspace request to ENAC. - Verify geo-zones in the park using D-Flight. - Ensure insurance and QR code compliance.

Example 2: Surveying in Abruzzo

A company needs aerial data for an environmental survey.

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  Steps to follow:

- Obtain Specific category approval from ENAC. - Coordinate flight zones with the park authority. - Implement safety measures to avoid wildlife disruption.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. Can I fly my drone in any National Park in Italy?

No, drone operations in National Parks are strictly regulated. Permission must be obtained from the park authority and ENAC.

2. Do I need insurance for my drone?

Yes, liability insurance is mandatory for all drones used professionally or weighing 250 grams or more.

3. How can I check if a location is restricted?

Use the D-Flight platform to view geo-zones and confirm restrictions.

4. What happens if I fly without authorization?

Unauthorized drone operations can result in fines, confiscation of equipment, or even criminal charges.

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Final Checklist for Drone Pilots in Italy

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  Register your drone on the ENAC D-Flight portal.
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  Affix the QR code to your drone.
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  Obtain a Remote Pilot License ("Patentino").
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  Verify geo-zones for your flight location.
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  Ensure liability insurance coverage.
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  Submit required permissions for restricted zones like National Parks.

Reminder: Always consult ENAC and EASA regulations before flying. Rules can change, so verify the latest updates on official platforms.

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Conclusion

Flying drones in Italy's National Parks is a rewarding experience, but it comes with strict regulatory requirements. By understanding and adhering to ENAC and EASA rules, pilots can enjoy safe and legal operations while preserving the beauty and integrity of these protected areas. Stay informed, fly responsibly, and explore Italy's stunning landscapes from above.

For further details, consult the official ENAC website: www.enac.gov.it .