ENAC Drone Regulations: A Complete Guide for Flying Legally in Italy

Introduction: Navigating Drone Rules in Italy

Flying a drone in Italy is an exciting way to capture breathtaking landscapes, historic cities, and mountainous terrains. However, understanding and complying with the complex regulations set forth by ENAC (Ente Nazionale per l'Aviazione Civile) and EASA (European Union Aviation Safety Agency) is essential for safe and legal operations.

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of ENAC’s regulations for drone pilots, focusing on practical advice, legal compliance, and safety. Whether you're a hobbyist looking to explore Italy's rich cultural heritage or a professional conducting aerial surveys, this article will help ensure you're operating within the law.

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ENAC and EASA: Understanding Their Roles

Drone operations in Italy are governed by both European and national regulations. Here’s how these authorities interact:

EASA: The European Framework

EASA provides the overarching regulations applicable across all EU member states. The key documents include:

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  Regulation EU 2019/947: Governs operational requirements for UAS.
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  Regulation EU 2019/945: Defines standards for drone manufacturing, including CE marking.

These rules establish foundational categories such as Open, Specific, and Certified, which apply equally across Europe.

ENAC: Italian Implementation and Additions

ENAC is responsible for implementing EASA regulations at the national level, along with additional requirements tailored to Italy’s specific needs. Examples of ENAC’s contributions include:

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  Registration of drones through D-Flight, ENAC's official platform.
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  Special geographic zones where drone operations are restricted or prohibited.
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  Unique procedures for obtaining flight authorizations in sensitive areas (e.g., historic sites, national parks).

Key Point: While EASA sets the baseline rules, ENAC defines how they are applied in Italy. Always check both sources to ensure compliance.

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ENAC Drone Categories: Open, Specific, and Beyond

ENAC fully adopts EASA’s categorization framework, but with notable adaptations for the Italian context.

Open Category: Recreational and Low-Risk Operations

The Open Category is ideal for hobbyists and small commercial operators. Key requirements include:

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  Maximum altitude: 120 meters Above Ground Level (AGL).
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  Direct Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) must always be maintained.
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  Drone weight limits:

- Subcategory A1: <250g. - Subcategory A2: <4kg but with specific training requirements.

No prior authorization is required for flights within unrestricted zones. However, pilots must register their drones on the D-Flight platform and attach the QR code to the aircraft.

Specific Category: Higher Risks and Permissions Required

For operations exceeding the constraints of the Open Category (e.g., BVLOS or flights in urban areas), the Specific Category applies. This requires:

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  Submission of a risk assessment (SORA) to ENAC.
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  Specific flight permissions for designated geographic zones.

Certified Category: Complex Operations

Reserved for operations involving large drones or activities such as passenger transportation. Certification involves strict oversight and compliance with aviation standards.

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Drone Registration with ENAC: Step-by-Step

Who Needs to Register?

All drones weighing 250g or more, or equipped with a camera or sensor, must be registered in Italy. This applies even to drones under 250g used for commercial purposes.

How to Register on D-Flight

1. Create an Account: Visit www.d-flight.it and set up an account.
2. Provide Documentation: Have your proof of drone purchase and operator details ready.
3. Pay the Fee: Registration costs vary based on drone category and operator type.
4. Attach QR Code: Print and attach the QR code to your drone before any operation.

Important: Failing to register your drone can result in fines or confiscation during an inspection.

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Flying Safely in Italy: Rules and Restrictions

Geographic Zones: Where Can You Fly?

Italy is home to numerous restricted zones, including:

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  National parks: Protected areas where drone flights are often prohibited.
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  Historic cities: Strict restrictions around cultural landmarks such as Rome’s Colosseum or Venice.
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  Airports and Military Bases: Prohibited zones with strict airspace regulations.

Using the D-Flight Map

The D-Flight platform provides interactive maps showing:

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  Restricted zones where flying is prohibited.
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  Temporary NOTAMs (Notice to Airmen) for special events.

Always check the platform before flying to ensure compliance.

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Insurance and Liability

Mandatory Insurance

ENAC mandates third-party liability insurance for all drone operators, regardless of drone weight. This ensures coverage for potential property damage or personal injury caused by your drone.

How to Choose a Provider

Look for Italian insurers offering drone-specific policies. Popular options include:

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  Generali
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  Allianz
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  AXA

The minimum coverage amount varies based on the drone’s weight and operation type.

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Practical Scenarios for Drone Pilots in Italy

Scenario 1: Filming a Wedding in Tuscany

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  Zone Status: Verify local airspace restrictions using D-Flight.
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  Insurance: Ensure liability coverage is active.
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  Permissions: Obtain authorization if operating in a historic area.

Scenario 2: Surveying Coastal Erosion in Liguria

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  Category: Likely falls under Specific Category due to environmental sensitivity.
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  Procedures: Submit a SORA assessment to ENAC.
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  Coordination: Work with local authorities to avoid conflicts.

Scenario 3: Aerial Photography in Rome

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  Zone Restrictions: Historic sites like the Colosseum are strictly prohibited.
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  Alternatives: Consider authorized drone parks or open countryside areas.

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Checklist for Compliance

Ensure you meet the following requirements before every flight:

1. Drone Registration: Confirm registration and QR code attachment.
2. Flight Zone: Check D-Flight for restrictions.
3. Insurance: Verify active liability coverage.
4. Operator Competence: Carry your license or training certificate (Patentino).
5. Safety Equipment: Maintain VLOS and carry spare batteries.

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Common Questions from Italian Drone Pilots

Do I need insurance for drones under 250g?

Yes. ENAC mandates liability insurance for all drones equipped with cameras or used commercially.

Can I fly in a national park?

No, drone flights are prohibited in national parks unless specific authorization is obtained from local authorities.

What happens if I fly without registering my drone?

You risk fines, legal penalties, and possible confiscation of your drone.

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Resources for Further Information

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  ENAC Official Website: www.enac.gov.it
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  D-Flight Registration Platform: www.d-flight.it
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  EASA Regulations: EASA Easy Access Rules for UAS

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Conclusion: Fly Responsibly in Italy

Understanding ENAC and EASA regulations is vital for all drone pilots in Italy. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can operate safely, legally, and responsibly while enjoying Italy’s incredible landscapes and cultural heritage.

Always prioritize safety and compliance, and stay updated with ENAC’s latest guidelines to ensure smooth operations.

Reminder: Consult official ENAC documents and the D-Flight platform regularly as regulations may change.

For more insights on drone operations in Europe, bookmark 120mAGL.com—your trusted source for drone regulations and safety tips.