CAA Drone Rules Changing in 2026: The Complete UK Guide for UAS Pilots

Introduction

If you unboxed a new drone this Christmas or you’re dusting off a trusty quad for the new year, there’s one date you cannot ignore: 1 January 2026.
From then, UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) rules change in ways that affect every Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) pilot—hobbyist and professional alike. Most noticeably, the threshold for the Flyer ID theory test drops from 250 g to 100 g, bringing many popular camera drones into scope.
You’ll also see clearer Open Category terminology, UK class marks (UK0–UK6), and continuing emphasis on safe, legal flying—especially near airports and other sensitive airspace.

At 120mAGL.com, we’ve always championed practical safety and regulatory literacy. The “120 m Above Ground Level” limit—the UK legal maximum in the Open Category—is not just our name; it’s the habit that keeps pilots out of trouble and other airspace users safe. In this comprehensive guide, we explain how the post-Brexit UK framework aligns with European principles while setting UK-specific requirements, and we walk you through registration, IDs, airspace checks, and the operational categories. Whether you fly in the countryside, urban areas, national parks or near historic sites, you’ll find step-by-step clarity and links to official CAA sources.

By the end, you’ll know exactly what changes on 1 January 2026, what stays the same, and how to stay compliant and confident—ready to fly safely at or below 120 m AGL across the UK.

UK Aviation Regulations and CAA

In the United Kingdom, drone operations are regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Following Brexit, the UK has maintained alignment with many European standards while developing its own specific requirements. The CAA oversees registration, certification, and operational authorisations for UAS operations throughout the UK.

EASA, EU Regulations, and Post-Brexit CAA

The UK’s UAS rules originated under the EU framework (e.g., Regulation (EU) 2019/947), and the UK CAA continues to reflect core concepts like the Open and Specific categories, remote pilot competency and product class marks. However, since Brexit, the UK has established UK-specific class marks (UK0–UK6), created transitional arrangements for EU C-class drones, and now publishes an updated Drone and Model Aircraft Code with plain-English sub-category names (Over People — A1, Near People — A2, Far from People — A3).

The Drone and Model Aircraft Code

The Drone and Model Aircraft Code is the definitive, CAA-authored, plain-language rulebook for Open Category flying. It explains legal height limits (120 m/400 ft), distances from people, and where you must not fly, including restrictions near aerodromes and spaceports. It’s designed to help you pass the Flyer ID theory test, and its January 2026 edition consolidates new thresholds and transitional notes. Always check the latest PDF before you fly.

UK-Specific Differences and Requirements

Key UK-specific elements you must plan for:

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  UK class marks (UK0-UK6) apply to new models placed on the market from 1 January 2026, with EU C-class recognition extended until 31 December 2027 for existing drones.
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  Flyer ID threshold: from 1 January 2026, 100 g and above requires passing the free CAA theory test; previously this threshold was 250 g
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  Operator ID: required at 100 g and above with a camera, and for 250 g and above regardless of camera. Fee and validity are set by CAA.
• ▸
  Airspace restriction checks (including Flight Restriction Zones around aerodromes) are mandatory before flight; CAA points pilots to NATS AIS/AIP ENR 5.1 for official data.

For authoritative guidance, start at CAA Drones hub pages and the registration services:

• ▸
  Gettig Started with drones and model aircraft
• ▸
  Registering to fly drones and model aircraft

References:

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  CAA Drones Hub
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  Registering to fly drones and model aircraft
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  Airspace Restrictions
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  Aerodromes, Heliports and Spaceports

What Changes on 1 January 2026 (and Why It Matters)

The Flyer ID Threshold: 100 g and Above

From 1 January 2026, anyone flying a drone or model aircraft weighing 100 g or more must pass the CAA’s free online theory test to obtain a Flyer ID. The CAA notes this change “was previously set at 250 g” and will impact a large number of UK pilots—up to 500,000 flyers—especially those with popular sub-250 g camera drones.

The Flyer ID test covers safety rules summarised in the Drone and Model Aircraft Code. Your Flyer ID is valid for five years; you’ll retest to renew. For under-13 pilots, the test is still required but must be taken with a parent or guardian for data protection reasons.

References:

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  Flyer IDs and Operator IDs
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  The Drone and Model Aircraft Code (January 2026)

Operator ID: Who Needs It and When

The Operator ID attaches to the person or organisation responsible for the UAS. From 1 January 2026:

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  Required if your drone weighs 100 g to <250 g and has a camera.
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  Optional if 100 g to <250 g without a camera (though recommended).
• ▸
  Required for 250 g to <25 kg, camera or not.

The Operator ID costs £11.79 per year, and operators must label the aircraft and ensure only pilots with a valid Flyer ID fly it (where applicable). Organisations (schools, businesses, clubs) must register their organisation as the operator and designate an accountable manager.

Minors, Families and Supervision

The CAA retains clear age-related rules:

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  Under 13: may obtain a Flyer ID, but must take the test with a parent/guardian.
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  Under 12: must be supervised by someone aged 16+ when flying.
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  Under 18: can hold a Flyer ID and fly; an adult must hold the Operator ID if the minor owns the drone.

References:

• ▸
  Flyer IDs and Operator IDs

UK Class Marks and Transitional Recognition of EU C-Class

From 1 January 2026, new drones placed on the UK market must carry a UK class mark (UK0-UK6), which guides where and how they may fly. EU C-class drones already in circulation remain recognised until 31 December 2027 as equivalent UK classes, e.g., C1 as UK1. This simplifies operational choices during the transition and helps pilots plan upgrades. [\[caa.co.uk\]](https://www.caa.co.uk/drones/getting-started-with-drones-and-model-aircraft/drone-code/getting-what-you-need-to-fly-legally/)

Remote ID (RID): Phased Implementation

The CAA’s news and updates highlight the introduction of Remote ID functionality. While details evolve through technical standards, the direction of travel is clear: class-marked drones will be required to broadcast identification and flight information, with broader coverage planned by 2028 for legacy and certain lower-weight camera platforms. Pilots should monitor the CAA drones news and updates page for RID specifics, implementation dates and exemptions.

References:

• ▸
  Regulation changes 1 January 2026

The Open Category in Plain English (A1, A2, A3)

Over People (A1)

The A1 sub-category allows low-risk flying over people (but never over crowds). You must keep the drone in direct sight, respect privacy, and not exceed 120 m (400 ft). From 1 January 2026, you must have a Flyer ID for drones ≥100 g, and an Operator ID for those ≥100 g with a camera.

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  Where you can fly

Interim EU C-class arrangements (until 31 Dec 2027) permit certain C1 drones to operate as if they are UK1 in A1, expanding practical options for pilots during the transition.

Near People (A2)

Flying near people demands additional competence and A2 Certificate of Competency (A2 CofC). Post-January 2026, the Code uses the plain term Near People (A2) for clarity. The A2 CofC curriculum is delivered by CAA-approved Recognised Assessment Entities (RAEs) and remains valid for five years.

References:

• ▸
  A2 Certificate of Competence

Far from People (A3)

A3 suits larger or more capable aircraft where greater separation from uninvolved people is maintained. As with A1 and A2, you must stay below 120 m AGL, keep VLOS, and avoid restricted airspace. Class-mark rules and transitional EU recognition apply here too.

Referemces:

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  Where you can fly

Registration: Step-by-Step for UK Pilots

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  250 g to <25 kg → Flyer ID + Operator ID
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  100 g to <250 g with a camera → Flyer ID + Operator ID
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  100 g to <250 g without a camera → Flyer ID, Operator ID optional
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  <100 g → Flyer ID not required (recommended); Operator ID optional

1. Work out what IDs you need based on weight and whether your aircraft has a camera.

1. Check age requirements (minors and organisations have specific rules)

• ▹
  Take the Flyer ID test (free).
• ▹
  Register for the Operator ID (annual fee, single ID covers all your aircraft)

1. Read the Drone and Model Aircraft Code (you’ll need its content for the Flyer ID test)
2. Use the official CAA services to get your IDs:

References:

• ▸
  The Drone and Model Aircraft Code (January 2026)
• ▸
  Getting started with drones and model aircraft
• ▸
  Registering to fly drones and model aircraft
• ▸
  Get an Operator ID

Practical Safety: Airspace, Airports and FRZs

Always Check Airspace Restrictions

The UK’s airspace is busy and segmented. Permanent restrictions include prohibited, restricted and danger areas; temporary restrictions are frequent (events, emergencies). Before every flight, consult official sources—particularly NATS AIS/AIP ENR 5.1—and be mindful that Flight Restriction Zones (FRZs) around aerodromes prohibit drone flight without permission.

References:

• ▸
  Airspace Restrictions
• ▸
  Aerodromes, heliports and spaceports

Flying Near Airports or Helicopter Landing Sites

FRZs typically combine elements like Aerodrome Traffic Zones (ATZ) (cylinders of 2 or 2.5 NM radius up to 2,000 ft AGL) and runway protection areas. You must contact ATC or the aerodrome operator to request permission if you need to operate inside an FRZ, and you should keep well clear otherwise. The CAA provides escalation guidance if you believe a refusal is unreasonable, but your first responsibility is safety.

Why This Matters in 2026

In its 29 December 2025 announcement, the CAA explicitly urged pilots to brush up on new rules and to avoid airports and heliports unless duly authorised. With more small drones now falling under the Flyer ID requirement, airspace discipline is non-negotiable.

UK Class Marks (UK0-UK6): What They Mean for You

Beginning 1 January 2026, new models sold in the UK carry UK class marks that encode product safety features and intended operational envelopes:

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  UK0: typically sub-250 g.
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  UK1-UK3: progressively heavier drones with safety features enabling A1-A3 operations.
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  UK4: covers many traditional model aircraft.
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  UK5-UK6: for Specific Category operations, subject to CAA authorisation.

If your aircraft is EU C-class (C0-C4), you may use it as the corresponding UK class until 31 December 2027—for example, C1 as UK1—which aligns transitional usage with the updated Drone Code.

Remote ID (RID): Your Digital Number Plate

The CAA’s drones news and updates confirm the introduction of Remote ID functionality in the UK rule set. RID allows law enforcement and airspace authorities to identify aircraft in flight and monitor compliance, supporting safe integration of UAS with other airspace users. Class-marked drones will progressively be required to broadcast RID, with legacy and certain lower-weight camera drones subject to later adoption (planned expansion by 2028). Keep an eye on official updates and your aircraft manufacturer’s compliance notes.

Competency Beyond the Basics: A2 CofC and the Specific Category

A2 Certificate of Competency (A2 CofC)

If your operations bring you near people (A2), you need additional proof of competence: the A2 CofC, awarded by CAA-approved RAEs. The syllabus includes meteorology, UAS performance, and mitigations for ground risk, and the certificate is valid for five years. This is often the most efficient next step for content creators and surveyors who fly heavier, more capable drones near urban environments—subject to all Open Category constraints and privacy rules. [\[caa.co.uk\]](https://www.caa.co.uk/drones/remote-pilot-qualifications/a2-certificate-of-competence-a2-cofc/)

The Specific Category and Remote Pilot Certificates

When Open Category limits don’t fit (e.g., BVLOS, complex environments, operations above 120 m), you’re in the Specific Category, which requires CAA operational authorisation and appropriate remote pilot certificates (e.g., GVC, or RPC-L1 to L4 under the newer scheme). Providers and requirements are detailed on CAA pages and CAP 722B.

Where You Can Fly: UK Scenarios and Good Practice

Countryside and National Parks

Open landscapes are ideal for learning and practicing. Even in the countryside, check for temporary restrictions (events, emergency NOTAMs) and respect privacy and wildlife. Keep VLOS, stay below 120 m, and remember that some protected areas may have local restrictions or sensitivities. Start with the Drone Code, then verify airspace via NATS AIS/AIP before every sortie.

Historic Sites and Urban Areas

Urban flying inevitably raises privacy concerns and proximity to uninvolved people. If your mission brings you near people, consider whether you need an A2 CofC and whether your aircraft’s class mark permits the operation under A2 rules. In cities, FRZs and other restrictions are common—double-check AIP ENR 5.1 and any temporary NOTAMs.

Airports, Heliports and Hospital Helipads

Many UK airports and heliports feature FRZs with strict permission regimes. Always assume restriction unless proven otherwise, seek ATC/aerodrome permission where required, and maintain extra vigilance for low-level helicopter traffic in urban and rural environments alike.

Common Misconceptions (and the 2026 Reality)

Sub-250 g drones don’t need registration

From 1 January 2026, if your drone weighs 100 g to <250 g and has a camera, you need both a Flyer ID and Operator ID. If no camera, Flyer ID is still required at ≥100 g.

The 120 m rule is just guidance

No—it’s a legal height limit in the Open Category. Plan flights to stay at or below 120 m AGL and manage terrain changes to avoid inadvertent breaches.

If I avoid airports, I don’t need airspace checks

You must check airspace every time (permanent + temporary restrictions). FRZs, danger areas, and temporary NOTAMs can exist far from major airports.

Remote ID is optional

The CAA signals mandatory RID for class-marked drones and a planned expansion by 2028 to legacy platforms—follow the official updates.

Step-by-Step Compliance for New UK Pilots (2026 Onward)

1. Weigh your aircraft (manufacturer specs + accessories). Determine if you’re ≥100 g and whether there’s a camera. This drives Flyer ID / Operator ID needs.
2. Get your IDs via the CAA portals: Flyer ID (free test, valid 5 years) and Operator ID (£11.79 per year). Label your aircraft with your Operator ID.
3. Read the Drone and Model Aircraft Code and apply its checklists before, during and after flight.
4. Check airspace (permanent + temporary) on NATS AIS/AIP ENR 5.1 and local sources. Do not fly in FRZs without permission.
5. Plan for class marks and RID. If buying new after 1 Jan 2026, ensure UK class marks and confirm RID capability meets CAA timelines. Existing EU C-class remains valid to 31 Dec 2027 per interim rules.
6. Consider A2 CofC if you’ll routinely operate near people in urban or suburban settings. Choose a CAA-approved RAE and complete the syllabus.
7. For advanced work (BVLOS, complex sites), review Specific Category requirements, GVC/RPC pathways, and UK SORA references via CAA guidance.

UK Context: Registration Costs, Validity, and Organisational Flying

• ▸
  Operator ID cost: £11.79; valid for 1 year; single ID covers all aircraft you’re responsible for.
• ▸
  Flyer ID validity: 5 years; free online theory test.
• ▸
  Organisations (schools, businesses, clubs): must register as operator, name an accountable manager, and ensure remote pilots hold the right qualifications; insurance obligations may apply for work use.

Frequently Asked UK Pilot Questions (2026)

Do I need both a Flyer ID and an Operator ID for my 200 g camera drone?

Yes. At ≥100 g with a camera, you need both a Flyer ID and Operator ID. The Flyer ID shows you understand safety rules, while the Operator ID links the drone to the responsible person or organisation.

Can my 12-year-old fly our family drone?

Children under 12 must be supervised by someone aged 16+ during flight. Under 13, they can obtain a Flyer ID, but must take the test with a parent/guardian. The adult must hold the Operator ID.

Where do I check if I’m near restricted airspace?

Use NATS AIS/AIP and check ENR 5.1 for prohibited, restricted and danger areas; FRZs around aerodromes are listed there. Always check temporary NOTAMs before flying.

What if I own a C1 EU-class drone?

You may fly it as the UK1 equivalent until 31 December 2027, subject to Open Category rules.

Is Remote ID compulsory for me?

Plan for RID if you operate class-marked drones post-2026; wider obligations arrive by 2028 for legacy platforms. Follow CAA news and updates for the latest technical and compliance details.

The CAA’s 29 December 2025 Reminder: Learn Before You Launch

Just before the rules change, the CAA urged new and existing drone users to learn the updated regulations and emphasised safe flying, especially near airports and helicopter sites. The announcement underlined the new Flyer ID threshold (100 g), continuing Operator ID requirements, and minors’ rules. Treat this statement as a final call to action: test, register, and plan every flight with airspace checks.

Quick-Reference Links (Official CAA)

• ▸
  CAA Drones Hub — start here for rules, registration and guidance: CAA Drones
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  Registering to fly — thresholds, age rules, and services: Registering to fly drones and model aircraft
• ▸
  Flyer IDs and Operator IDs — what they are, validity, child rules: Flyer IDs and Operator IDs
• ▸
  Get an Operator ID — fee, requirements, and annual renewal: Get an Operator ID
• ▸
  Drone and Model Aircraft Code (PDF, Jan 2026) — essential reading: The Drone and Model Aircraft Code
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  Where you can fly — Open Category details and interim C-class rules: Where you can fly
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  Airspace restrictions — permanent, temporary, AIS/AIP references: Airspace restrictions
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  Aerodromes, heliports and spaceports — FRZ rules and permissions: Aerodromes, heliports and spaceports
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  A2 Certificate of Competency — syllabus, validity, RAE providers: A2 CofC
• ▸
  Remote Pilot Qualifications (Specific Category) — GVC and RPC levels: Remote Pilot Qualifications
• ▸
  News and updates — regulation changes, including Remote ID: Drones news and updates

Final Checklist: Flying Legally and Safely in the UK (2026)

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  Below 120 m AGL at all times in the Open Category. Getting started with where you can fly
• ▸
  Visual line of sight maintained; no flying over crowds. The Drone and Model Aircraft Code (PDF, Jan 2026)
• ▸
  Flyer ID if ≥100 g; Operator ID if ≥100 g with a camera or ≥250 g regardless. Getting what you need to fly legally
• ▸
  Label aircraft with Operator ID; ensure qualified pilots fly. Get an Operator ID
• ▸
  Check airspace (permanent + temporary) before every flight; avoid FRZs without permission. Airspace restrictions , Aerodromes, heliports and spaceports
• ▸
  Consider A2 CofC for Near People operations; use CAA-approved RAEs. A2 Certificate of Competency
• ▸
  Monitor CAA updates for Remote ID technical and compliance milestones. Drones news and updates

Conclusion

The UK’s 2026 update to drone rules is not a barrier—it's a clarity boost. By lowering the Flyer ID threshold to 100 g, the CAA ensures more pilots know the Drone Code before they fly. Combined with UK class marks, transitional EU recognition and a phased Remote ID rollout, the framework aims to increase safety while keeping the Open Category accessible.

As a UK UAS pilot, your best strategy is knowledge + habit: pass the Flyer ID test, register for an Operator ID, read the Drone Code, and check airspace before each flight. Do that, and you’ll enjoy flying—from city rooftops to coastal cliffs and green valleys—confidently and lawfully at or below 120 m AGL. Bookmark the official CAA links above, and keep your skills and understanding current. Fly safe, fly smart—the UK way.

About 120mAGL.com

120mAGL.com is a trusted resource for aviation safety and UK CAA drone regulations. We blend expert guidance with real-world flying practice to help pilots of all levels stay compliant, responsible, and creative in their operations—across national parks, historic sites, urban areas and countryside. Our editorial stance is simple: safety first, clarity always, comply everywhere.